Table 3 Differences between health behavior related classes: “Healthy time-users” vs. “Unhealthy time-users”
“Healthy time-users” (n = 188) | “Unhealthy time-users” (n = 167) | p-value A | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean (SD) or % | n | Mean (SD) or % | ||
Demographic characteristics | |||||
Age (years) | 188 | 64.3 (5.3) | 167 | 65.2 (5.4) | 0.121 |
Sex | 188 | 167 | |||
Female | 96 | 51% | 97 | 58% | 0.185 |
Male | 92 | 49% | 70 | 52% | |
Employment status | 169 | 150 | |||
Yes | 68 | 40% | 95 | 63% | < 0.001 |
No | 101 | 60% | 55 | 37% | |
Cardiometabolic health markers | |||||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 184 | 27.74 (4.31) | 164 | 28.66 (6.33) | 0.112 |
Body fat (%) | 184 | 28.85 (7.88) | 164 | 30.31 (7.85) | 0.086 |
Fat mass (kg) | 184 | 22.38 (8.02) | 164 | 24.60 (8.87) | 0.015 |
Fat-free mass (kg) | 184 | 54.70 (11.22) | 164 | 55.95 (11.65) | 0.311 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 186 | 39.34 (6.19) | 165 | 40.73 (8.69) | 0.084 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 186 | 5.21 (1.32) | 167 | 5.45 (1.25) | 0.080 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 183 | 5.32 (0.96) | 162 | 5.15 (1.11) | 0.132 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 183 | 1.14 (0.74) | 162 | 1.32 (0.67) | 0.021 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 183 | 1.51 (0.39) | 162 | 1.38 (0.38) | 0.003 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 174 | 3.29 (0.86) | 154 | 3.15 (1.00) | 0.170 |
VLDL-C (mmol/L) | 153 | 0.53 (0.27) | 131 | 0.57 (0.24) | 0.220 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 188 | 128.88 (18.36) | 166 | 129.21 (18.47) | 0.869 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 188 | 75.39 (9.92) | 166 | 77.06 (10.43) | 0.124 |
Blood pressure medication | 166 | 142 | |||
Yes | 33% | 61% | 0.251 | ||
No | 66% | 39% | |||
Cholesterol medication | 168 | 147 | |||
Yes | 65% | 50% | 0.194 | ||
No | 35% | 50% | |||
Diabetes medication | 156 | 130 | |||
Yes | 5% | 12% | 0.015 | ||
No | 96% | 88% | |||
Health behaviors | |||||
Waking activPAL3 Micro wear time (mins) | 188 | 964.5 (54.2) | 167 | 895.85 (56.6) | < 0.001 |
Total sitting time (mins) | 188 | 441.6 (96.0) | 167 | 533.06 (92.8) | < 0.001 |
Time in ≥ 10-minute sitting bouts (mins) | 188 | 326.9 (92.0) | 167 | 441.01 (88.8) | < 0.001 |
Proportion of total sitting time in ≥ 10-minute sitting bouts (%) | 188 | 73.2 (0.1) | 167 | 82.48 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
Proportion of total sitting time in ≥ 10-minute sitting bouts B | 188 | 167 | |||
Under median | 77% | 19% | < 0.001 | ||
Equal or over median | 23% | 81% | |||
Total standing time (mins) | 188 | 362.2 (81.5) | 167 | 253.3 (75.0) | < 0.001 |
Total standing time B | 188 | 167 | |||
Under median | 21% | 83% | < 0.001 | ||
Equal or over median | 79% | 17% | |||
Total stepping time (mins) | 188 | 160.8 (52.6) | 167 | 109.5 (40.9) | < 0.001 |
Total stepping time B | 188 | 167 | |||
Under median | 26% | 77% | < 0.001 | ||
Equal or over median | 74% | 23% | |||
Sleep time (mins) | 188 | 458.6 (56.8) | 167 | 531.7 (56.9) | < 0.001 |
Sleep time B | 188 | 167 | |||
<7 h/night | 27% | 0% | < 0.001 | ||
7–9 h/night | 71% | 54% | |||
>9 h/night | 3% | 46% | |||
DASH score | 186 | 24.4 (5.1) | 165 | 24.0 (5.2) | 0.574 |
DASH score B, C | 186 | 165 | |||
Quintile 1 (poorest) | 19% | 21% | 0.815 | ||
Quintile 2 | 19% | 21% | |||
Quintile 3 | 19% | 12% | |||
Quintile 4 | 23% | 18% | |||
Quintile 5 (best) | 20% | 19% | |||
Alcohol consumption B | 168 | 145 | |||
4 or more times/week | 7% | 12% | 0.011 | ||
2–3 times/week | 17% | 26% | |||
2–4 times/month | 31% | 20% | |||
Monthly or less | 23% | 14% | |||
Never | 23% | 28% | |||
Smoking status B | 168 | 145 | |||
Current | 6% | 12% | 0.041 | ||
Former Never | 39% 55% | 26% 53% | |||