Table 4 Associations between cardiometabolic health markers and bedtime regularity at midlife in a population-based birth cohort (N = 3,698) according to multivariate linear regression analyses (Regression estimates for cardiometabolic health markers displaying a U-shaped relationship with wake-up time regularity are presented separately, stratified by ≤ 01:00:00 and > 01:00:00.)
Cardiometabolic health markers | B [95% CI] | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Markers displaying a linear relationship with bedtime regularity | |||
WC (cm) | Model 1 | 0.352 [0.197. 0.508] |  < 0.001 |
|  | Model 2A | 0.294 [0.136, 0.451] |  < 0.001 |
| Â | Model 2B | 0.199 [0.042, 0.356] | 0.013 |
BMI (kg/m2) | Model 1 | 0.239 [0.119. 0.359] |  < 0.001 |
| Â | Model 2A | 0.194 [0.072, 0.316] | 0.002 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.118 [− 0.003, 0.239] | 0.057 |
SBP (mmHg) | Model 1 | 0.133 [− 0.037. 0.304] | 0.124 |
|  | Model 2A | 0.135 [− 0.035, 0.305] | 0.121 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.106 [− 0.063, 0.274] | 0.219 |
DBP (mmHg) | Model 1 | 0.189 [0.025. 0.354] | 0.024 |
|  | Model 2A | 0.159 [− 0.006, 0.324] | 0.059 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.085 [− 0.079, 0.248] | 0.312 |
Fasting insulin (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.042 [0.006. 0.078] | 0.022 |
|  | Model 2A | 0.028 [− 0.008, 0.065] | 0.128 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.005 [− 0.032, 0.041] | 0.796 |
2-h insulin (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.038 [0.009. 0.067] | 0.010 |
|  | Model 2A | 0.024 [− 0.005, 0.054] | 0.108 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.001 [− 0.029, 0.03] | 0.960 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.259 [0.061. 0.457] | 0.010 |
| Â | Model 2A | 0.224 [0.026, 0.422] | 0.027 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.160 [− 0.037, 0.356] | 0.112 |
2-h glucose (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.088 [0.005. 0.171] | 0.038 |
|  | Model 2A | 0.017 [− 0.066, 0.1] | 0.683 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.06 [− 0.023, 0.144] | 0.158 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.072 [0.027. 0.116] | 0.002 |
| Â | Model 2A | 0.053 [0.008, 0.099] | 0.021 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.024 [− 0.021, 0.069] | 0.298 |
Total HDL cholesterol ratio | Model 1 | 0.073 [− 0.007. 0.153] | 0.075 |
|  | Model 2A | 0.041 [− 0.040, 0.122] | 0.325 |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.002 [− 0.083, 0.078] | 0.953 |
Markers displaying U-shaped relationship with bedtime regularity | |||
LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio | Model 1 | − 0.011 [− 0.056. 0.033] | 0.617 |
Bedtime regularity of ≤ 01:00:00 | Model 2A | − 0.022 [− 0.067, 0.023] | 0.344 |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.033 [− 0.078, 0.012] | 0.154 |
LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio | Model 1 | 0.004 [− 0.044. 0.052] | 0.872 |
Bedtime regularity of > 01:00:00 | Model 2A | − 0.008 [− 0.057, 0.04] | 0.733 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.003 [− 0.045, 0.052] | 0.897 |
Body fat (%) | Model 1 | 0.068 [0.01. 0.127] | 0.023 |
Bedtime regularity of ≤ 01:00:00 | Model 2A | 0.054 [− 0.006, 0.114] | 0.076 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.027 [− 0.034, 0.088] | 0.379 |
Body fat (%) | Model 1 | 0.011 [− 0.050. 0.073] | 0.719 |
Bedtime regularity of > 01:00:00 | Model 2A | 0.007 [− 0.057, 0.071] | 0.820 |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.026 [− 0.091, 0.039] | 0.433 |
Fat mass (kg) | Model 1 | 0.052 [0.012. 0.091] | 0.010 |
Bedtime regularity of ≤ 01:00:00 | Model 2A | 0.044 [0.004, 0.084] | 0.033 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.03 [− 0.011, 0.07] | 0.149 |
Fat mass (kg) | Model 1 | 0.002 [− 0.04. 0.043] | 0.940 |
Bedtime regularity of > 01:00:00 | Model 2A | 0 [− 0.043, 0.043] | 0.994 |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.019 [− 0.062, 0.024] | 0.376 |
Visceral fat area (cm2) | Model 1 | 0.045 [0.005. 0.085] | 0.029 |
Bedtime regularity of ≤ 01:00:00 | Model 2A | 0.037 [− 0.003, 0.078] | 0.071 |
|  | Model 2B | 0.022 [− 0.019. 0.063] | 0.285 |
Visceral fat area (cm2) | Model 1 | − 0.001 [− 0.045. 0.044] | 0.981 |
Bedtime regularity of > 01:00:00 | Model 2A | − 0.002 [− 0.048, 0.044] | 0.926 |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.023 [− 0.069, 0.023] | 0.322 |