Table 5 Associations between cardiometabolic health markers and wake-up time regularity at midlife in a population-based birth cohort (N = 3,698) according to multivariate linear regression analyses (Regression estimates for cardiometabolic health markers displaying a U-shaped relationship with wake-up time regularity are presented separately, stratified by ≤ 01:00:00 and > 01:00:00.)
Cardiometabolic health markers | B [95% CI] | Â p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Markers displaying a linear relationship wake− up time regularity | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | Model 1 | 0.143 [0.032. 0.254] | 0.012 | |
|  | Model 2A | 0.102 [− 0.011, 0.215] | 0.076 | |
|  | Model 2B | 0.047 [− 0.065, 0.160] | 0.41 | |
SBP (mmHg) | Model 1 | 0.090 [− 0.067. 0.248] | 0.261 | |
|  | Model 2A | 0.086 [− 0.072, 0.243] | 0.286 | |
|  | Model 2B | 0.064 [− 0.092, 0.220] | 0.423 | |
DBP (mmHg) | Model 1 | 0.181 [0.029. 0.333] | 0.020 | |
|  | Model 2A | 0.150 [− 0.002, 0.303] | 0.054 | |
|  | Model 2B | 0.097 [− 0.055, 0.249] | 0.213 | |
Fasting insulin (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.034 [0.001. 0.067] | 0.046 | |
|  | Model 2A | 0.021 [− 0.012. 0.055] | 0.210 | |
|  | Model 2B | 0.005 [− 0.029. 0.038] | 0.787 | |
2− h insulin (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.049 [0.023. 0.076] |  < 0.001 | |
| Â | Model 2A | 0.039 [0.012. 0.066] | 0.005 | |
|  | Model 2B | 0.022 [− 0.005. 0.049] | 0.114 | |
2− h glucose (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.129 [0.053. 0.205] | 0.001 | |
| Â | Model 2A | 0.107 [0.03. 0.184] | 0.006 | |
|  | Model 2B | 0.076 [− 0.001. 0.153] | 0.052 | |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.067 [0.025. 0.108] | 0.002 | |
| Â | Model 2A | 0.051 [0.009. 0.093] | 0.017 | |
|  | Model 2B | 0.031 [− 0.011. 0.073] | 0.152 | |
Total/HDL cholesterol ratio | Model 1 | 0.018 [− 0.056. 0.093] | 0.627 | |
|  | Model 2A | − 0.011 [− 0.086. 0.064] | 0.776 | |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.041 [− 0.116. 0.034] | 0.280 | |
LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio | Model 1 | 0.009 [− 0.040. 0.059] | 0.706 | |
|  | Model 2A | − 0.008 [− 0.057. 0.042] | 0.756 | |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.026 [− 0.075. 0.023] | 0.303 | |
Body fat (%) | Model 1 | 0.081 [0.018. 0.145] | 0.012 | |
|  | Model 2A | 0.049 [− 0.017, 0.114] | 0.144 | |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.001 [− 0.067, 0.066] | 0.979 | |
Markers displaying U− shaped relationship with wake− up time regularity | ||||
WC (cm) | Model 1 | 0.129 [− 0.064. 0.321] | 0.19 | |
Wake− up time regularity ≤ 1:00:00 | Model 2A | − 0.067 [− 0.257, 0.124] | 0.492 | |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.081 [− 0.272, 0.109] | 0.401 | |
WC (cm) | Model 1 | 0.214 [0.015. 0.413] | 0.035 | |
Wake− up time regularity > 1:00:00 | Model 2A | 0.120 [0.019, 0.22] | 0.019 | |
|  | Model 2B | 0.08 [− 0.021, 0.181] | 0.118 | |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.213 [− 0.036. 0.463] | 0.094 | |
Wake− up time regularity of ≤ 1:00:00 | Model 2A | 0.021 [− 0.204, 0.247] | 0.852 | |
|  | Model 2B | 0 [− 0.225, 0.226] | 0.997 | |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.080 [− 0.168. 0.328] | 0.525 | |
Wake− up time regularity of > 1:00:00 | Model 2A | − 0.011 [− 0.140, 0.119] | 0.872 | |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.035 [− 0.164, 0.094] | 0.597 | |
Fat mass (kg) | Model 1 | 0.037 [− 0.021. 0.095] | 0.210 | |
Wake− up time regularity of ≤ 1:00:00 | Model 2A | − 0.013 [− 0.069, 0.043] | 0.649 | |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.023 [− 0.08, 0.033] | 0.415 | |
Fat mass (kg) | Model 1 | 0.048 [− 0.012. 0.107] | 0.115 | |
Wake− up time regularity of > 1:00:00 | Model 2A | 0.022 [− 0.008, 0.053] | 0.153 | |
|  | Model 2B | 0.009 [− 0.022, 0.039] | 0.581 | |
Visceral fat area (cm2) | Model 1 | 0.029 [− 0.03. 0.088] | 0.335 | |
Wake− up time regularity of ≤ 1:00:00 | Model 2A | − 0.021 [− 0.077, 0.035] | 0.466 | |
|  | Model 2B | − 0.035 [− 0.092, 0.022] | 0.233 | |
Visceral fat area (cm2) | Model 1 | 0.043 [− 0.021. 0.106] | 0.188 | |
Wake− up time regularity of > 1:00:00 | Model 2A | 0.025 [− 0.007, 0.057] | 0.125 | |
|  | Model 2B | 0.011 [− 0.022, 0.044] | 0.507 | |